Basa reWhite Fused Alumina muKupukuta Zvikamu zveMagetsi
Munguva ino ine mafoni, makomputa, uye zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi, zvinodiwa pakushanda kwezvikamu zvemagetsi zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera. Zvinofanira kunge zvichikurumidza, zvidiki, uye zvine simba guru. Ungasaziva kuti kuita izvi kunoda danho rinoratidzika serisina basa asi rakakosha - kupukuta. Uye mubasa iri, kune "mhizha yakasimba" ine hunyanzvi chinyararire -alumina chena yakasanganiswa.
Nhasi, ngatibudise pachena chakavanzika che "mhizha" iyi tokurukura kuti inoita basa rakakosha sei munyika yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi nemazvo.
I. Kuziva Hunhu Hukuru: Chii chaizvo chinonzi White Fused Alumina?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, alumina chena yakasanganiswa ikoramu yakagadzirwa yakachena kwazvo. Chinhu chikuru chayo iα-alumina (Al₂O₃). Unogona kuienzanisa nedzimwe hama dzayo: semuenzaniso, alumina yakasanganiswa yebrown ine tsvina yakawanda, saka ine ruvara rwebrown; nepo alumina chena yakasanganiswa, nekuda kwezvinhu zvayo zvakachena, inogadzira makristaro machena mushure mekupiswa, ine magadzirirwo "akachena".
Inogadzirwa sei? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inzira ye "kuzvarwa patsva kuburikidza nemoto." Yemhando yepamusoroupfu hwealuminainonyungudutswa, inotonhodzwa, uye inodzokororwa muchoto chemagetsi chinopisa zvakanyanya kupfuura 2000 degrees Celsius. Pakupedzisira, inopwanywa uye inosefewa kuti pave nezvinhu zvichena zvakasanganiswa zvealumina zvehukuru hwakasiyana.
Usarerutsa maitiro aya; anopa alumina chena yakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvakakosha, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekupukuta zvikamu zvemagetsi:
Kuomarara kwakanyanya, "kwakaoma" zvechokwadi: Kuomarara kwayo kweMohs kwakakwira kusvika 9.0, kuri kwechipiri kune dhaimani nesilicon carbide. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kucheka nekukuya zvimwe zvinhu kudiki, uye hazvikurumidzi kupera simba.
Kusimba kuri pakati nepakati, kuenzana kwekuomarara uye kuchinjika: Kuva kwakaomarara chete hakuna kukwana; kusimba kwakanyanya, sezvimedu zvegirazi, kunotyoka kana ukangobata zvishoma uye hakushandiswi. Alumina chena yakasanganiswa ine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwakanaka. Kana yamanikidzwa, inogona kutyoka kusvika padanho repakati, ichiburitsa mipendero mitsva yakapinza, pane kushanduka kuita upfu—izvi zvinonzi “kuzvirodza.” Izvi zvakafanana nebanga diki rinozvirapa, richiramba richipinza.
Kugadzikana kwayo kwakanaka kwemakemikari kunoita kuti ive "yakadzikama" zvikuru: Mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuchenesa dzine acidic nealkaline dzinowanzo shandiswa mukupukuta. Alumina chena yakasanganiswa yakasimba pamakemikari uye haishande zviri nyore nemakemikari aya, zvichiita kuti kupukuta kusasanganisirwe nemakemikari netsaona. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru muindasitiri yemagetsi, uko kuchena kuri kukuru.
II. Alumina chena yakasanganiswa "inoratidzika sei" mukupukuta zvikamu zvemagetsi?
Kupukuta zvinhu zvemagetsi hakusi nyore sekungopukuta chimwe chinhu chinopenya. "Unyanzvi hwekuveza" hunoitwa munyika isingaoneki, huchivavarira kuwana nzvimbo yakati sandara zvakakwana, yakatsetseka, uye isina kukuvara padanho re nanometer kana kunyange atomu.Alumina chena yakasanganiswandiro simba guru mukuita hunyanzvi uhwu.
1. Basa re "kuenzana kwenheyo" ye silicon wafers
Machipisi anogadzirwa pa silicon wafers. Unogona kufungidzira kuti kana nheyo yechivako isina kuenzana, chivako hachigone kuvakwa, uye waya dzemagetsi dzichasungirirwa zvisina kurongeka. Nheyo imwecheteyo inoshanda pakugadzira machipisi. Machira anoiswa pamusoro peimwe. Kana chero jira risina kuenzana, photolithography inotevera icharasikirwa nekutarisa, zvichikonzera ma short circuits kana open circuits.
Apa ndipo panopinda tekinoroji yeCMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing), uye ma microparticles machena akagadzirwa ne alumina anowanzoita basa rakakosha mu "basa remakanika." Mu slurry yekupukuta, madiki akawanda machena akagadzirwa ne alumina, semamiriyoni evashandi vadiki, anoita kucheka kudiki uye kwakafanana pamusoro pe silicon wafer pasi pekumanikidzwa nekutenderera. Anopwanya zvishoma nezvishoma "peaks" dzepamusoro, uku achichengetedza mipata, pakupedzisira achiwana kutwasuka kwakanyanya. Kuomarara uye hunhu hwekuzvirodza hwe white fused alumina kunoita kuti maitiro aya ashande zvakanaka uye aenderane.
2. Kupedzisa Pamusoro peSemiconductor Devices
Mukati mechip, pamusoro pesilicon, mune simbi (dzakadai semhangura netungsten) dzinoshandiswa pakuisa tambo dzinofambisa mhepo uye dzinodzivirira kupisa (dzakadai sesilicon dioxide) kuti dzisaparadzwe. Zvinhu izvi zvakasiyana zvine kuomarara kwakasiyana uye mwero wekubviswa. Panguva yekupolisha, simbi yakawandisa inofanira kubviswa pasina kukuvadza simbi iri pasi; izvi zvinonzi "high selectivity."
Upfu hwe alumina hwakasanganiswa hune basa rakakosha pano. Nekugadzirisa makemikari ari mu slurry inopenya (chikamu che "makemikari") uye kushanda pamwe chete ne white fused alumina (chikamu che "mechanical"), zvinokwanisika kubvisa zvimwe zvinhu (senge copper) zvakanaka usingabate zvimwe zvinhu (senge silicon dioxide). Kunyatsojeka uku kwakakosha pakuona kuti chip goho rayo rinobuda.
3. "Nyeredzi yeRunako" yeZvimwe Zvikamu zveMagetsi
Kunze kwemachipisi akanyatsogadzirwa, zvinhu zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvatinosangana nazvo zuva nezuva zvinoshandisawo kupukuta kwealumina chena.
Zvishandiso zveSapphire zve LED: Ma LED mazhinji anopenya zvakanyanya anoshandisa sapphire se substrate yawo. Sapphire pachayo ine kuomarara kwakanyanya, inoda alumina chena yakasanganiswa—chinhu "chakaoma-kuoma"—kuti iporishwe kuti ive pamusoro wakatsetseka segirazi, zvichiita kuti chiedza chishande zvakanaka uye kuti LED iwedzere kupenya.
Quartz Crystal Resonators: Idzi ndidzo "heartbeat" components dzinopa masaini ewachi kumacircuits. Zvinodiwa kuti dzigadzikane nefrequency frequency dzadzo zvakanyanya, uye kunaka kwenzvimbo yadzo uye ukobvu hwadzo zvinofanirwa kudzorwa nemazvo; white fused alumina polishing yakakodzera basa iri. Magnetic materials, glass substrates, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodawoalumina chena yakasanganiswapanguva yekugadzirisa kuti ipedzise zvakanaka uye inopenya.
III. Nei White Fused Alumina? - Pfupiso yeZvakanakira Zvayo Zvinoshamisa
Kana tichitarisa kumashure, pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda zvinobvisa mabara, nei indasitiri yezvemagetsi ichifarira alumina chena yakasanganiswa?
Kunyatsogadziriswa: Zvidimbu zvayo zvinogona kugadzirwa zvakapfava uye zvakaenzana (kusvika pachiyero che micrometer) nechimiro chakajairwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekukwesha kwakafanana uye kunofungidzirwa, zvichidzivirira kukwenya pamusoro kunokonzerwa nehukuru husina kuenzana hwezvidimbu.
Kusvibiswa Kwakaderera Zvikuru: Kuchena kwakanyanya zvinoreva kuti hakubudisi tsvina yakawanda yesimbi panguva yekupolisha, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuchenesa zveindasitiri yesemiconductor.
Kuenzana Kwekushanda Nehunhu: Hazvina "kuoma" uye kudhura sedhaimani, uye hazvishande zvakanaka sezvishandiso zvakapfava. Zvinoita kuti pave nekuenzana kwakakwana pakati pekuoma, kuoma, uye mutengo, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inodhura zvishoma.
Saka, nguva inotevera paunotora foni yako woona kushanda kwayo zvakanaka uye mashandiro ayo ane simba, fungidzira izvi: mukati memachipisi madiki aya nezvinhu zvakapfava, "kuchinja kwepadenga" kwakanyarara uye kwakanyatsojeka kunosanganisira ma microparticles machena akasanganiswa ealumina kwakaitika. Ndiyo iyi "nyanzvi yesimbi yakaoma," ine kuoma kwayo uye kuchena kwayo, yakabvisa chipingamupinyi chekupedzisira chenanometer chekufamba kusina kukanganiswa kwenyika yemagetsi. Ingasambomira pachena, asi igamba risingakoshi kuseri kwezviitiko. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kunowanzovanzwa muzvinhu izvi zvidiki, zvichipenya nehunyanzvi hwakareruka asi hunonakidza hwesainzi yezvinhu.