Nhanganyaya kuDaimondi uye Mashandiro Ayo
I. Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeDaimondi
Dhaimani ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru zvakasikwa. Inoumbwa nekabhoni muchimiro chekristaro che cubic. Kuumbwa kwedhaimani yechisikigo kunoda tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemari yekuchengetedza uye mitengo yakakwira yekuchera. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji, kugadzirwa kwedhaimani dzekugadzira kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichikonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira kwedhaimani ne micropowder yayo muindasitiri.
Munhoroondo yekutsvagurudza kwevanhu pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru, dhaimani harisi chicherwa chinokosha chete mu gemology asiwo chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri emazuva ano. Nekuda kwezvakanaka zvayo zvakasiyana mukuoma kwayo, kupisa kunoyerera, uye hunhu hwemaziso, dhaimani inozivikanwa se "zino reindasitiri" uye "mambo wezvinhu."
II. Kugadzirira uye Kuronga Dhaimondi
1. Dhaimani Yechisikigo
Madhaimani echisikigoZvinonyanya kuwanikwa kubva muzvicherwa zvekimberlite nelamprophyre. Kupararira kwazvo pasi rose kwakaganhurirwa, South Africa, Russia, neBotswana dziri idzo nzvimbo huru dzinogadzirwa. Madhaimani mazhinji echisikigo anoshandiswa muzvishongo, asi chikamu chidiki chete, nekuda kwekusanaka kwawo, chinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri.
2. Madhaimani Ekugadzira
Kuti zvikwanisike kudiwa kwemadhaimani mumaindasitiri, tekinoroji yekugadzira madhaimani yakagadzirwa yavepo. Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekugadzira madhaimani dzinosanganisira:
Kupisa Kwakanyanya (HPHT): Graphite inoshandurwa kuita dhaimani kana paine tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, yakakodzera kugadzira makristaro edhizinesi rimwe chete neupfu hwakatsetseka.
Kubviswa kweUtsi hweMakemikari (CVD): Mafirimu edhaimani anoiswa nekuora magasi ehydrocarbon mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Nzira iyi inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi, optics, uye zvinhu zvitsva.
3. Kupatsanura
Madhaimani anogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nechimiro chawo uye mashandisirwo awo:
Makristaro edhaimani rimwe chete: Makristaro akavharika anowanzo shandiswa muzvishandiso zvakaita sezvishandiso zvekucheka, madhiraivha ekudhirowa waya, uye madhiraivha ekuboorera.
Upfu hwakatsetseka hwedhaimani: Hunogadzirwa nekupwanya kana kukwesha makristaro madiki, hunouya hwakasiyana-siyana uye hunonyanya kushandiswa pakukuya nekupukuta.
Mafirimu matete edhaimani uye zvinhu zvinosanganiswa: Zvakagadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yeCVD, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupisa, mahwindo ekuona, uye zvishandiso zvemagetsi.
III. Hunhu hweMashandiro eDaimondi
Chinzvimbo cheDaimondi semutungamiri pakati pezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru chinobva muhunhu hwayo hwepanyama uye hwemakemikari:
Kuoma Kwakanyanya: Nekuomarara kweMohs kwe10, uko kuri pamusoro pechinhu chipi zvacho chinozivikanwa, inogona kugadzira chero chimwe chinhu.
Kufambisa Kwekupisa Kwakakwirira: Kufambisa kweDiamond kwakakwira kupfuura kwemhangura nesirivha, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakodzera chekuparadza kupisa, chakakodzera kushandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi ine simba guru.
Kugadzikana Kwakasimba Kwemakemikari: Dhaimondi hairatidzi kuita kana paine maasidhi nealkali patembiricha yemumba uye kumanikidzwa, uye inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya.
Hunhu Hwakanaka Hwekupenya: Inoratidza kupenya kwayo kwakanyanya uye kufambiswa kwechiedza kwakanaka kunogonesa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzechiedza cheinfrared, ultraviolet, uye chinoonekwa.
Zvinhu Zvinogadziriswa Zvemagetsi: Dhaimani yechisikigo inochengetedza simba, asi kuburikidza nekushandisa zvinodhaka, inogona kugadzirwa kuita semiconductor, iyo ine tarisiro huru yekushandiswa kwayo muzvikamu zvemagetsi.
IV. Kushandiswa kweMadhaimani
1. Kugadzira Maindasitiri
Dhaimani, semushonga unokwesha, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukucheka, kukuya, uye kupukuta. Semuenzaniso:
Mapadza edhaimani anoshandiswa pakucheka matombo;
Mavhiri ekukuya edhaimani anoshandiswa pakugadzira makabhohaidhiretsi, zviumbwa zvedongo, uye magirazi egirazi;
Upfu hwemadhaimaniinoshandiswa kugadzira slurry dzinokwesha kuti zvidimbu zve semiconductor uye substrates dzesapphire zvikweshe nemazvo.
2. MaSemiconductors uye Maelectronics
Mafirimu eCVD diamond, nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwakanaka hwekuparadza kupisa, anoshandiswa senzvimbo dzekupisa dzinoshandiswa nemalaser ane simba guru uye maelectronic emagetsi. Uyezve, diamond yakasanganiswa inoratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwe semiconductor uye inotarisirwa kushandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi ine frequency yakakwira uye ine voltage yakakwira.
3. Optics neKutaurirana
Kujeka kwedhaimani uye kuramba kupfeka kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira mahwindo elaser, malenzi ekudzivirira einfrared detector, uye malenzi ekuona akanyatsojeka. Mumasystem elaser ane simba guru uye michina yeaerospace optical, zvikamu zvedhaimani zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
4. Zvekurapa neNdege
Zvishandiso zvekucheka madhaimani, nekuda kwekupinza kwawo uye kugara kwenguva refu, zvinoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekurapa zvakaita sekuvhiyiwa kwemaziso uye kuvhiyiwa kusingapindi zvakanyanya. Mundege, mafirimu emadhaimani ane basa rakakosha mumasensa, mahwindo ekuona, uye machira anodzivirira kupera.
5. Nzvimbo Itsva Yesimba
Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri ye photovoltaic uye zvinhu zvitsva zvesimba, dhaimani micropowder iri kudiwa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwakadai sekucheka silicon wafer uye kugadzirisa sapphire substrate. Uyezve, kufambiswa kwayo kwemafuta akawanda kunoita kuti ibatsire mukugadzirisa kupisa kwemidziyo yemagetsi mumotokari itsva dzesimba.
V. Kubudirira kweIndasitiri uye Maitiro eMusika
Kukura Kwemusika Kunoramba Kuchienderera Mberi
Sekureva kwemishumo yekutsvagisa kweindasitiri, kukosha kwemuchina wekugadzira dhaimani muChina kunotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni maviri nehafu emadhora muna 2025, nekukura kwegore negore kunodarika 10%. China yave mutungamiriri wekugadzira nekushandisa dhaimani upfu pasi rose, ichitora chikamu chinosvika 88% chemusika.
Kukurumidzisa Kuvandudzwa Kwetekinoroji
Kubudirira muhunyanzvi hweCVD kwakavhura mikana mitsva yekushandisa dhaimani diki mumafirimu emagetsi neoptics. Mune ramangwana, kuvandudzwa kwemafirimu edhaimani akacheneswa zvakanyanya kuchava chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa pakutsvagisa.
Kuwedzera Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa
Nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri e semiconductor, simba idzva, uye mauto, kushandiswa kwedhaimani kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakushandisa zvinhu zvechinyakare kusvika pakushandisa zvemagetsi, zvemuchadenga, uye zvemhando yepamusoro, uye kukosha kweindasitiri kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera.
Zviri pachena kuti vanhu vakawanda vari mumabasa emaindasitiri.
Makambani makuru emuno akadai sePower Diamond, Huifeng Diamond, uye Yellow River Cyclone ari kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma marongero makuru ekugadzira zvinhu, uye maindasitiri emunzvimbo dzakasiyana (akadai seari muHenan, Anhui, neShandong) ari kubuda nekukurumidza.
VI. Pfupiso
Sezvo iri chinhu chakaoma kwazvo muzvisikwa, mashandisirwo edhaimani akadarika matombo anokosha kwenguva yakareba, achiva chinhu chikuru chinotsigira kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano uye kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri echinyakare kusvika kumagetsi epamusoro, optics, kurapwa, uye simba idzva, dhaimani inoratidza kukosha kusingaenzaniswi.
Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuripo muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira madhaimani ekugadzira uye maitiro ekugadzirira akagadziriswa,zvinhu zvedhaimanizvichawedzera kuwedzera miganhu yekushandisa kwavo uye kuita basa guru muminda yemazuva ano yakadai sema semiconductors, ndege, uye dziviriro yenyika. Zvinotarisirwa kuti indasitiri yedhaimani haizongove budiriro huru mune zvesainzi yezvinhu chete asiwo chinotungamira kukura kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro.