Zvinodiwa zvehutsanana zveWhite Corundum muMidziyo yekugadzira chikafu
Nenguva dzeshanu mangwanani, Mutungamiriri Li wemumagaba akashama achivhura gonhi remushandi, hwema hwakasimba hwehutachiona hwe ozone huchimurova. Semazuva ese, akafamba achienda ku spiral juicer yakanga ichangobva kuiswa, zvigunwe zvake zvichikwesha mukati mesimbi isina ngura, iyo yainzwa yakatsetseka segirazi. "Old Wang, iyi abrasive itsva yakanaka! Iri nani kupfuura batch yekupedzisira. Hapana kana burr imwe chete pakubata!" Operator Old Wang akaseka. "Zvechokwadi, migero yakagadzirwa neiyi 'white sapphire powder' inoita kuti michero isare zvakanaka se loach. Kune makona mashoma asina kuchena!" Iyi "white sapphire powder" isinganyanyi kukosha yavanoreva ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinochengetedza nzira yehupenyu hwemichina yekugadzira chikafu: chikafu chemhando yepamusoro.corundum chena.
Munyika yekugadzira chikafu, "hutsanana" hunokosha zvikuru. Kunyangwe kukwenya kudiki kana kupwanyika pamusoro pemidziyo kunogona kuva nzvimbo yekuberekera mabhakitiriya uye kunyange kuchengetedza marara esimbi, zvichisvibisa chigadzirwa. Upfu hwe white corundum micropowder ndiyo "chombo chakasimba" chekukunda dambudziko iri. Yakagadzirwa ne high-purity alumina (Al₂O₃ ≥ 99.5%), inonyungudutswa muchoto chemagetsi, inotonhodzwa uye inogadzirwa nekristaro, yobva yapwanywa uye yaongororwa. Inozvirumbidza nekuomarara kweMohs kusvika ku9. Zvisinei, zvinodiwa pakudya zvinopfuura "kuoma" chete; zvinosimbisawo "kuchena" uye "kuchena."
Kuchena ndiyo nzira yekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu. Corundum chena yemumaindasitiri inogona kuchengetedza tsvina yesimbi yakaita sesimbi nechromium. Muindasitiri yekugadzira chikafu, kunyange chikamu chimwe chete pamiriyoni chinogona kuva nenjodzi. Ndinoyeuka imwe fekitori yemuno yemuno makore matatu apfuura yakasangana nechiitiko apo huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi dzinorema hwakaonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvayo. Chaivapo kwaiva kushandiswa kwesimbi dzine iron panguva yekupukuta. Zvidimbu zvesimbi izvi zvakapinda mumitsetse yeweld uye zvakazonyungudutswa nemuto une acidic nekufamba kwenguva. Corundum chena yemhando yefood-grade inobvisa njodzi idzi kubva panobva: zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakanyatsosarudzwa, nzvimbo yekunyungudutsa haina kusvibiswa, uye chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chinoedzwa neICP-MS (Inductively Copped Plasma Mass Spectrometry) kuona kuti huwandu hwesimbi inorema hunoramba huri pasi pemiganhu yakaoma yakatarwa ne standard yenyika GB 4806.9-2016, "Metal Materials and Articles Intended for Food Contact." Mumashoko aLao Zhang wekuDhipatimendi reKuongorora Hunhu, “Upfu uhwu hwakachena chose, zvakaita sekuhushandisa sechinoongorora zvekuchengetedza michina. Unofanira kutanga wachena iwe pachako!”
Chimiro chezvikamu chinoratidza kupona kwenzvimbo dzisina hutsanana. Kupukuta michina yechikafu hakusi kuti "inopenya" zviri nani; chinhu chikuru ndechekugadzira nzvimbo isina tsvina. Fungidzira tangi rekusanganisa simbi isina ngura. Yakapukutwa nemidziyo yakajairika ine mipendero yakapinza, inoita seyakajeka, asi pasi pemaikorosikopu, yakazara ne "migero" midiki-diki - nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mabhakitiriya nemarara. Corundum micropowder chena yemhando yekudya inoshandisa nzira yakakosha yekugadzira zvidimbu zvinenge zvakatenderera. Sezvinotsanangurwa naLao Wang, "Ndaishandisa upfu husina mhando, uye michina mushure mekupukuta yaive yakaita segirazi rakacheneswa - rakatsetseka pakubata, asi rizere nemakomba madiki kana richinyatsoongororwa. Zvino, nehupfu uhwu hwakatenderera, hwakaita segirazi chairo! Risuke nemuto, uye hapana chinonamatira pamusoro." Zvikamu zvakatenderera zvinomoneredzwa zvakaenzana panguva yekupukuta, pane kucheka, zvichideredza mitswe midiki nemakomba, zvichiita kuti pamusoro pemidziyo "pave nyore kuchenesa uye pasina marara."
Kurapa pamusoro pevhu kunovaka dziviriro yehutachiona. Kupisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro hwenzvimbo dzekugadzira chikafu zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekupotera kukura kwehutachiona. Kunyange zvazvo upfu hwe corundum chena hwakagara hwakagadzikana, hunogona kuva chinhu chinosvibisa kana hukatora hunyoro kana tsvina ye organic. Zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvekudya zvinofanirwa kurapwa nekuvharwa kwemaburi: calcination inotonhora zvakanyanya inobvisa nzvimbo dzinoshanda pamusoro, uye zvidimbu zvinobva zvafukidzwa ne silane coating yemhando yepamusoro. Iyi "coating yekudzivirira" haingodziviriri chete abrasive kuti isatore tsvina yezvakatipoteredza, asiwo inoita kuti ipararire zvakaenzana uye yakagadzikana mu slurry yekupukuta. Mumwe mainjiniya wekambani yemukaka akambotaura, "Mushure mekushandura kune yakagadziriswaupfu hwecorundum chena, mwero wekupasa kwekuongorora mabhakitiriya mushure mekusukurudzwa kwemidziyo wakawedzera ne30%. Zvakafanana nekuisa 'wakisi' pamusoro pemidziyo, kudzivirira tsvina kuti isarambe iripo!
Tekinoroji yekugadzira uye maitiro akaomarara ehutsanana. Kushandiswa kwe corundum chena mumidziyo yezvekudya hakusi kungoshandisa nzira iri nyore yekupukuta guruva nekupukuta. Kubva pakupukuta ma welds mumatangi ekusanganisa kusvika ku glass-finishing chocolate molds, mitemo yakasimba yehutsanana "isina guruva, isina mafuta, uye inoteverwa" inofanira kutevedzwa. Kupukuta kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo yakachena, yakaparadzana uchishandisa lubricant yekutonhodza yemhando yezvekudya (inowanzo shandiswa mvura yakabviswa ioni kana mafuta emiriwo akacheneswa) kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemafuta emaminerari. Mushure mekupukuta, michina yacho inocheneswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kubvisa mafuta e alkaline, kusunungura acid, uye pakupedzisira kusuka nemvura yakachena kusvika conductivity yasvika padanho rakatarwa. Maitiro ese akafanana nekuvhiyiwa, nedanho rega rega rakanyorwa. Mumwe mugadziri wezvekudya akachengetwa nechando anotumira kunze kwenyika kuEU anotorayira nhanho yeKirasi 100,000 yekuchenesa mweya munzvimbo yekupukuta - iyi corundum powder chena iri "kutamba muimba isina tsvina."
Tichitarisa mberi, zvinodiwa zvehutsanana nekuchengetedzeka muindasitiri yezvekudya zvichawedzera kuomarara. Kutarisa kwakangwara uye kuri paindaneti kuchava tsika. Semuenzaniso, slurry dzekuchenesa corundum chena dzine masensa akabatanidzwa dzinogona kutarisa pH, huwandu hwezvinhu, uye kusvibiswa munguva chaiyo; uye corundum chena yakagadziriswa ne coatings inorwisa utachiona inogona kugadzirwa kuti ipe hunhu hwehutachiona kunzvimbo dzemidziyo panguva yekupukuta. Nyanzvi yezvinhu Dr. Wu akamboti, "Kushanduka kwe corundum chena yemhando yezvekudya ihondo isingagoni kukonzerwa ne microscopic kurwisa kusvibiswa kwehutachiona uye kufamba kwemakemikari. Hazvisi zvekungogumbura chete; ndicho chipingamupinyi chekutanga chemuviri kukuchengetedza chikafu."
Kana chirongo chesimbi chisina ngura chichipenya zvakaenzana pasi pechiedza, apo chokoreti inobuda muchimiro chayo negirazi rakakwana, apo mutsetse wekuzadza muto unogezwa nesimba guru uye usingaone kana paine zvisaririra zvehutachiona—shure kwezvose izvi kune upfu hwe corundum chena hwemhando yepamusoro, huchisimbisa chinyararire vimbiso yayo ye "kuoma, kuchena, uye kuchena." Haina kupenya kunopenya, asi nesimba rayo risingazununguki uye hunhu hwayo hwakachena, inovaka rusvingo rusingaoneki rwekudzivirira panzvimbo yakakosha apo michina inosangana nechikafu, ichichengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwerurimi rwedu.
Munyika yekugadzira chikafu, mitemo yakasimba yehutsanana inowanzotanga nekutsvedzerera kusingaonekwe.