Waona here kuti kudhinda kwe3D kuri kuramba kuchifarirwa sei? Kubva pakugadzira matoyi madiki epurasitiki nemamodeli epfungwa makore mashoma apfuura, ikozvino yava kukwanisa kudhinda dzimba, mazino, uye kunyange nhengo dzevanhu! Kugadzirwa kwayo kwakaita seroketi.
Asi pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwayo, kana kudhinda kwe3D kuchinyatsoda kutungamira mukugadzira maindasitiri, hakugone kuvimba chete ne "persimmons dzakapfava" dzakadai sepurasitiki nemaresini. Zvakanaka pakugadzira zvidimbu zvemuenzaniso, asi kana zvasvika pakugadzira zvikamu zvinopisa zvakanyanya zvinogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, kana zvishandiso zvine simba rakawanda, zvinodzivirira kupera, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobva zvangoerekana zvisina kukodzera.
Apa ndipo panopinda gamba redu guru munyaya yanhasi—upfu hwealumina, inozivikanwa se "corundum." Chinhu ichi hachidi kusundidzirwa, chine hunhu hwakasimba: kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuramba ngura, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Mumaindasitiri echinyakare, yatove nyanzvi muzvinhu zvinoramba kusimba, zvinogumbura, zvedongo, nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Saka mubvunzo ndewokuti, rudzii rwezvipenyu zvichabuda kana chinhu chekare, "chakaoma" chasangana netekinoroji ye "digital intelligent manufacturing" yepamusoro? Mhinduro ndeiyi: shanduko yakanyarara yezvinhu iri kuitika.
Ⅰ. Sei kuri kupwanya chiumbwa che alumina? Sei kuri kupwanya chiumbwa?
Ngatitangei takurukura kuti sei kudhinda kwe3D kwaisambofarira zvinhu zveceramic. Funga nezvazvo: upfu hwepurasitiki kana hwesimbi huri nyore kudzora kana huchipiswa kana kuburitswa uchishandisa lasers. Asi upfu hweceramic hunopwanyika uye hunonetsa kunyunguduka. Lasers dzinopisa uye dzinozodzigadzira dzine hwindo rakamanikana rekuita, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kutsemuka uye kuchinjika, zvichikonzera goho shoma.
Saka alumina inogadzirisa sei dambudziko iri? Haivimbi nesimba guru, asi "nehungwaru."
Kubudirira kukuru kuri mukushanduka-shanduka kwakarongeka kwetekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D uye mafomura ezvinhu. Matekinoroji aripo iye zvino, akadai se binder jetting uye stereolithography, anoshandisa "nzira yekukombama."
Kuisa zvinhu mu "binder jetting": Iyi inzira yekuchenjera zvikuru. Kusiyana nenzira dzechinyakare dzekunyungudutsa zvakananga upfu hwearuminiyamu oxide ne laser, nzira iyi inotanga yaisa upfu hwearuminiyamu oxide hwakatetepa. Zvadaro, seprinta chaiyo yeinkjet, musoro wekudhinda unopfapfaidza "glue" yakakosha panzvimbo yaunoda, uchisunga upfu pamwe chete. Kuisa upfu neglue mu "layer-by-layer" uku kunozoguma kwaita "green body" yekutanga, ine chimiro chepakutanga. Uhu hupfu hausati hwasimba, saka, seceramics, hunobhabhatidzwa nemoto mu "oven" inopisa zvakanyanya - kupisa. Mushure mekupiswa ndipo chete panobatanidzwa zvidimbu zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvemakanika zvisvike kune zveceramics dzechinyakare.
Izvi zvinonzvenga nekungwarira matambudziko ekunyungudutsa zviumbwa zvesimbi zvakananga. Zvakafanana nekutanga wagadzira chikamu nekudhinda kwe3D, wozochizadza nemweya nesimba uchishandisa matekiniki echinyakare.
II. "Kubudirira" uku kunoonekwa kupi zvechokwadi? Kutaura pasina chiito kungori kutaura kusina maturo.
Kana uchiti ibudiriro, panofanira kunge paine hunyanzvi chaihwo, handiti? Zvechokwadi, kufambira mberi kwearuminiyamu oxide powder mukudhinda kwe3D hakusi "kubva pakutanga," asi zvechokwadi "kubva pakanaka kusvika pakanakisa," kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda aisambogadziriswa.
Kutanga, zvinobvisa pfungwa yekuti "kuomarara" kunoreva "kudhura." Netsika, kugadzira alumina ceramics, senge nozzles kana heat exchangers dzine nzira dzakaoma dzekuyerera mukati, zvinotsamira pakugadzira mold kana machine, izvo zvinodhura, zvinotora nguva, uye zvinoita kuti zvimwe zvivakwa zvisakwanise kugadzirwa. Asi ikozvino, kudhinda kwe3D kunobvumira kugadzirwa kwakananga, "kusina mold" kwechero chimiro chakaoma chaunogona kugadzira. Fungidzira chikamu che alumina ceramic chine chimiro chemukati che biomimetic honeycomb, chakareruka zvikuru asi chakasimba zvikuru. Muindasitiri yendege, ichi "chombo chemashiripiti" chechokwadi chekuderedza huremu nekuvandudza mashandiro.
Chechipiri, inoita kuti "ibatanidzwe zvakanaka pakushanda uye chimiro." Zvimwe zvikamu zvinoda majometri akaomarara uye mabasa akakosha akadai sekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kudzivirira kupera, uye kudzivirira kuputira. Semuenzaniso, maoko esimbi anoshandiswa muindasitiri yesemiconductor anofanira kunge akareruka, achikwanisa kufamba nekukurumidza, uye anodzivirira zvachose kusasimba uye anodzivirira kupera. Zvaimboda kuti zvikamu zvakawanda zviunganidzwe zvinogona kudhindwa zvakananga kubva kualumina sechinhu chimwe chete, chakabatanidzwa, zvichivandudza kuvimbika uye mashandiro.
Chechitatu, zvinounza nguva yegoridhe yekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinonyanya kushamisa mune zvehutano. Mapfupa evanhu akasiyana zvikuru, uye mapfupa ekare ekugadzira aive nehukuru hwakatarwa, zvichimanikidza vanachiremba kuti vazvishandise panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Iye zvino, uchishandisa data reCT scan kubva kumurwere, zvinokwanisika kudhinda zvakananga 3D ceramic implant ine maburi anoenderana zvakakwana nechimiro chemurwere. Chimiro ichi chine maburi hachina kurema chete asiwo chinobvumira masero emapfupa kukura mairi, zvichiita kuti "osseointegration" yechokwadi uye kuita kuti implant ive chikamu chemuviri. Rudzi urwu rwemhinduro yekurapa yakagadzirirwa yaisambofungidzirwa kare.
Ⅲ. Ramangwana rasvika, asi matambudziko akawanda.
Ehe, hatingotauri chete. Kushandiswa kweupfu hwealumina mukudhinda kwe3D kuchiri kufanana ne "chinoshamisa" chiri kukura, chine mukana mukuru pamwe nematambudziko evechiri kuyaruka.
Mutengo unoramba wakakwira: Upfu hwealumina hwakaita sedenderedzwa hwakachena hwakakodzera kudhinda mu3D hunodhura zvakanyanya. Wedzera pane izvozvo michina yekudhinda ine mamiriyoni emadhora uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwemaitiro ekupisa anotevera, uye mutengo wekudhinda chikamu chealumina unoramba wakakwira.
Zvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvekushanda: Kubva pakugadzirira slurry uye printing parameter setting kusvika pakudzora post-processing debinding uye sintering curve, danho rega rega rinoda hunyanzvi hwakadzama uye kuunganidza tekinoroji. Matambudziko akadai sekutsemuka, kushanduka, uye kusawirirana kunogona kumuka zviri nyore.
Kushanda zvakanaka: Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zviratidzo zvekushanda zvakanaka zvakafanana nesimba uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvakadhindwa zvinogara zviripo, idambudziko guru pakushandiswa kukuru.