Nhanganyaya uye Kushandiswa kweCerium Oxide
I. Pfupiso yeChigadzirwa
Cerium oxide (CeO₂), inozivikanwawo se cerium dioxide,ioxide yechinhu chepasi cherare earth cerium, ine chitarisiko cheupfu hweyero kusvika kuchena. Semumiriri akakosha wemakemikari epasi rerare, cerium oxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukupukuta magirazi, kuchenesa utsi hwemotokari, ceramics dzemagetsi, simba idzva nedzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari akasiyana uye hunhu hwe catalytic. Nzvimbo yayo yekunyunguduka inenge 2400℃, ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, hainyungudike mumvura, uye inogona kuramba yakasimba kana tembiricha yakakwira uye nzvimbo yakasimba yekuoxidation.
Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri,cerium oxideinowanzo torwa kubva muzvicherwa zvine cerium (zvakadai se fluorocarbon cerium ore ne monazite) uye inowanikwa kuburikidza ne acid leaching, extraction, precipitation, calcination nedzimwe nzira. Zvichienderana nekuchena uye saizi ye particles, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zve polishing grade, catalytic grade, electronic grade uye nano-grade, pakati pazvo nano cerium oxide ine purity yakanyanya ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekushandisa kwepamusoro-soro.
II. Zvimiro zveChigadzirwa
Kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo pakupukuta:Cerium oxideine kugona kwemakemikari kupukuta, izvo zvinogona kubvisa zvikanganiso zvegirazi nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa kupenya kweganda.
Kugona kwakasimba kwe redox: Kuchinja kunodzoreka pakati peCe⁴⁺ neCe³⁺ kunoita kuti ive nebasa rakasiyana rekuchengetedza nekubvisa okisijeni, kunyanya rakakodzera maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Kugadzikana kwakasimba kwemakemikari: Hazvisi nyore kuita zvine maasidhi nemabhesi mazhinji, uye zvinogona kuramba zvichiita zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
Kusapisa zvakanyanya: Kunyunguduka kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kunoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveceramics.
Saizi yezvikamu zvinodzorwa: Saizi yezvikamu zvechigadzirwa inogona kugadziriswa kubva pa micron kuenda kune nanometer kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemaindasitiri.
III. Nzvimbo huru dzekushandisa
1. Girazi nekupukuta kwemaziso
Upfu hwekupukuta hweCerium oxide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira magirazi emazuva ano. Kushanda kwayo kwemakemikari kunogona kubvisa mavanga madiki uye kugadzira girazi. Inonyanya kushandiswa pa:
Kupukuta nharembozha nemacomputer touch screens;
Kukuya nemazvo malenzi epamusoro-soro uye malenzi ekamera;
Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro peLCD screens neTV glass;
Kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekristaro nemagirazi egirazi nemazvo.
Kana tichienzanisa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvekupukuta iron oxide, cerium oxide inokurumidza kupukuta, kupenya kwepamusoro, uye inogara kwenguva refu.
2. Chinoburitsa utsi chemotokari
Cerium oxide chinhu chakakosha muma catalysts emotokari. Inogona kuchengetedza nekuburitsa okisijeni zvinobudirira, kuita kuti carbon monoxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) uye hydrocarbons (HC) ishande zvakanaka, nokudaro ichideredza kusvibiswa kwemhepo inobuda muutsi hwemotokari uye ichisangana nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvezvakatipoteredza.
3. Masero matsva esimba nemafuta
Nanocerium oxide inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kufambiswa kwemhepo uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemabhatiri sema electrolytes kana zvinhu zvinosanganiswa mumasero emafuta e-solid oxide (SOFC). Panguva imwe chete, cerium oxide inoratidzawo kushanda kwakanaka muminda yekuora kwehydrogen catalytic uye kuwedzerwa kwebhatiri re lithium-ion.
4. Zvekuwedzera zvemagetsi zveceramics negirazi
Sechinhu chakakosha chekugadzira zvemagetsi zveceramics, cerium oxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira ma capacitor, ma thermistors, zvinhu zve optical filter, nezvimwewo. Kana ikaiswa mugirazi, inogona kuita basa rekubvisa ruvara, kuwedzera kujeka, uye kudzivirira UV, uye kuvandudza kugara kwenguva refu uye hunhu hwe optical hwegirazi.
5. Zvizoro nezvinhu zvinodzivirira
Zvidimbu zveNanocerium oxide zvinogona kunwisa mwaranzi ye ultraviolet uye zvinowanzoshandiswa muzvinodzivirira zuva uye muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda. Zvine zvakanakira kugadzikana kwezvisikwa uye hazvinyurwe nyore neganda. Panguva imwe chete, zvinowedzerwa muzvipfeko zveindasitiri kuti zviwedzere kudzivirira ngura uye kugona kurwisa kukwegura.
6. Kutungamirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari
Cerium oxide ine basa rakakosha mukuchenesa magasi emaindasitiri, kuoxidation yetsvina yetsvina nedzimwe nzvimbo. Basa rayo guru rekugadzira magasi rinoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumabasa akadai sekupwanya petroleum uye kugadzira makemikari.
IV. Mafambiro ebudiriro
Nekukura nekukurumidza kwesimba idzva, optics, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemamwe maindasitiri, kudiwa kwecerium oxideiri kuramba ichikura. Nzira huru dzebudiriro mune ramangwana dzinosanganisira:
Nano- uye high-performance: kunatsiridza nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro uye mashandiro e cerium oxide kuburikidza ne nanotechnology.
Zvinhu zvekupukuta zvakasvibira uye zvine hushamwari kune nharaunda: kugadzira upfu hwekupukuta husingasvibisi zvakanyanya uye hunogona kupora zvakanyanya kuti zvishandiswe zvakanaka.
Kuwedzera kwesimba idzva: Kune mukana wakakura wemusika wesimba rehydrogen, masero emafuta, uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza simba.
Kudzokorodza zviwanikwa: Kusimbisa kudzokororwa kweupfu hwekupukuta marara uye chinobatsira pakubuda kwemhepo kuti zvideredze marara ezviwanikwa.
V. Mhedziso
Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka kwekupukuta, kushanda kwayo zvakanaka uye kugadzikana, cerium oxide yave chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira magirazi, kugadzirisa utsi hwemotokari, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zveceramics uye maindasitiri matsva esimba. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kukura kwekudiwa kwemaindasitiri akasvibirira, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwecerium oxide huchawedzerwa, uye kukosha kwayo pamusika uye kugona kwayo kukura hakuzove nemuganhu.