Laser "kuveza" dhaimondi: kukunda iyo yakaoma zvinhu nechiedza
Diamondndicho chinhu chakaomesesa muzvarirwo, asi hachisi chishongo chete. Nyaya iyi ine thermal conductivity yakapetwa kashanu kupfuura mhangura, inogona kumira zvakanyanya kupisa uye nemwaranzi, inogona kutumira chiedza, insulate, uye inogona kushandurwa kuita semiconductor. Nekudaro, aya "masimba makuru" anoita kuti dhaimondi ive "yakanyanya kuoma" kugadzira - zvishandiso zvechinyakare hazvigone kuicheka kana kusiya mitswe. Yakanga isiri iyo kusvika pakuuya kwelaser tekinoroji apo vanhu vakazowana kiyi yekukunda uyu "mambo wezvinhu".
Sei laser inogona "kucheka" diamondi?
Fungidzira uchishandisa girazi rinokudza kutarisisa chiedza chezuva kubatidza bepa. Nheyo yelaser processing diamond yakafanana, asi yakanyanya kujeka. Kana danda relaser rine simba rakawanda richipisa dhaimondi, microscopic "carbon atomi metamorphosis" inoitika:
1. Dhaimondi rinoshanduka kuita graphite: Simba relaser rinoshandura chimiro chedhaimani chepamusoro (sp³) kuita graphite yakapfava (sp²), kungofanana nedhaimondi rinobva “rasika” kuita mutobvu wepenzura.
2. Graphite "evaporated": iyo graphite layer sublimates pakupisa kwepamusoro kana kuti yakavharwa neokisijeni, ichisiya chaiyo yekugadzirisa zviratidzo. 3. Kubudirira kwakakosha: kukanganisa Muchirevo, diamond yakakwana inogona kungogadziriswa ne ultraviolet laser (wavelength <229 nm), asi chaizvoizvo, madhaimondi ekugadzira anogara ane zviduku zviduku (zvakadai sekusvibiswa uye miganhu yezviyo). Kukanganisa uku kwakafanana ne "maburi" anobvumira mwenje wakajairwa wegirini (532 nm) kana infrared laser (1064 nm) kuti ubatwe. Masayendisiti anogona kunyange "kuraira" iyo laser kuveza chaiyo patani padhaimani nekudzora kugovaniswa.
Laser type: Evolution kubva ku "choto" kuenda ku "ice banga"
Laser processing inosanganisa komputa manhamba ekudzora masisitimu, advanced optical masisitimu, uye yakakwirira-chaiyo uye otomatiki workpiece yekumisikidza kugadzira nzvimbo yekutsvagisa nekugadzira yekugadzira. Inoshandiswa pakugadziriswa kwedhaimondi, inogona kuwana inoshanda uye yakakwirira-chaiyo kugadzirisa.
1. Microsecond laser processing Microsecond laser pulse width yakafara uye inowanzokodzera kushandiswa kwakashata. Pamberi pekubuda kweiyo mode yekuvhara tekinoroji, laser pulses ainyanya mu microsecond uye nanosecond renji. Parizvino, kune mishumo mishoma pane yakananga madhaimani kugadzirisa ne microsecond lasers, uye mazhinji acho anotarisa kumashure-yekupedzisira kugadzirisa application ndima.
2. Nanosecond laser processing Nanosecond lasers parizvino inotora chikamu chikuru chemusika uye ine zvakanakira kugadzikana kwakanaka, mutengo wakaderera, uye pfupi yekugadzirisa nguva. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwebhizinesi. Nekudaro, iyo nanosecond laser ablation process inoparadza zvakanyanya kune sampuli, uye iyo macroscopic kuratidzwa ndeyekuti kugadzirisa kunoburitsa yakakura-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo.
3. Picosecond laser processing Picosecond laser processing iri pakati pe nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation uye femtosecond laser cold processing. Iyo pulse nguva inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nenzvimbo inopisa-inopisa.
4. Femtosecond laser processing Ultrafast laser tekinoroji inounza mikana yedhaimondi yakanaka kugadzirisa, asi mutengo wakakwira uye mutengo wekugadzirisa wefemtosecond lasers inoderedza kusimudzirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa. Parizvino, kutsvagisa kwakabatana kwakawanda kunoramba kuri muchikamu cherabhoritari.
Mhedziso
Kubva "kutadza kucheka" kusvika "kuveza pakuda", laser tekinoroji yaitadiamond pasisina “vhasi” rakavharirwa murabhoritari. Nekudzokororwa kweruzivo rwemichina, mune ramangwana tinogona kuona: machipisi edhaimondi ari kubvisa kupisa munharembozha, makombiyuta equantum anoshandisa madhaimondi kuchengetedza ruzivo, uye kunyange madhaimondi ebiosensors akaiswa mumuviri wemunhu… Uku kutamba kwechiedza nedhaimani kuri kuchinja hupenyu hwedu.