Rimwe zuva, ndaitaura neshamwari yangu inoshanda mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese, uye yainetseka nezveodha yekuburitsa kunze kwenyika yebrown fused alumina micro-powder: "Mutengi ari kukumbira F36 grit zvichienderana neAmerican standard, asi standard yedu yefekitori inotaura 'medium-fine powder.' Izvi zviviri zvakafanana here? Musiyano wakadii unogamuchirwa?" Mubvunzo uyu wakaratidza kuvhiringidzika kwakajairika muindasitiri - zviyero zvealumina yakasanganiswa yebrown Upfu hudiki hwakasiyana zvikuru pakati pemisika yemuno neyepasi rose. Ndanga ndichishanda muindasitiri iyi kwemakore anopfuura gumi, kubva pakuva nyanzvi yemagetsi kusvika pakuva maneja wemhando yepamusoro, uye ndave ndichibata magwaro akawanda akajairwa anoda kusvika hafu yehurefu hwangu. Nhasi, ngatikurukurei zvinotaurwa nezvinodiwa nemirairo iyi yemuno neyepasi rose uye kuti inofanira kushandiswa sei mukuita.
I. Mitemo Yemumba: Kushanduka kubva pa "Kukuru" kuenda ku "Yakagadziriswa"
Sisitimu yemuno yebrown fused alumina micro-powder yakashanduka zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva. Mumakore ekutanga, yaive "yakakura" zvikuru.
1. National Standard GB/T 2478: Chiratidzo Chekare
Iyo GB/T 2478-2021 "Ordinary Abrasives - Brown Fused Alumina" ndiyo inoonekwa seyero yepamusoro yemumba. Inonyanya kutonga "kwakabva" kwebrown fused alumina - kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari uye hunhu hwayo hwepanyama. Semuenzaniso, inotaura kuti huwandu hweAl₂O₃ hahufanirwe kunge huri pasi pe94.5%, Na₂O hahufanirwe kunge hwakakwira kupfuura 0.45%, uye pane miganhu yakajeka pane huwandu hwemagineti. Zvisinei, dambudziko nderekuti iyi chiyero chakajairika maererano nechikamu che "micro-powder". Inokamura saizi yezvikamu muzvikamu zvina zvikuru: "coarse grain," "medium grain," "fine grain," uye "micro-powder," kungotsanangura micro-powder se "particle size finer than 240 mesh." Asi mumusika chaiwo, F240 (inenge 62 microns) zvichikwira zvinoonekwa sezvinhu zvinobvisa simba, nepo hupfu hwechokwadi huchibva paF280 (inenge 53 microns) zvichidzika, kusvika kuF1200 (inenge 12 microns) kana kutoti hwakatsetseka. Nokudaro, vanhu vari mukati meindasitiri vanowanzo nzwisisa kuti mwero wenyika unoisa "hwaro," uye mwero wakadzama unodiwa pakugadzirwa kwakanatswa.
2. Mitemo yeIndasitiri: Imwe neimwe ine Maitiro ayo
Nekuda kwekuti mwero wenyika hauna kunyatsotsanangurwa, maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana akagadzira mwero wawo. Mwero weindasitiri yemakanika (JB/T) unotsanangura zvinodiwa zvakadzama kuti zviitwe.upfu hwebrown hwakasanganiswa hwealumina micropowderinoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekubaya. Semuenzaniso, JB/T 7984 series inokamura micropowder kuita magiredhi anopfuura gumi kubva kuF230 kusvika kuF1200, giredhi rega rega richiratidza huwandu hwekugoverwa kweparticle size. Semuenzaniso, F400 inoda kuti particles dzakakomba dzisapfuure 42.0 micrometers, particles huru dzakaungana pakati pe17.0-25.0 micrometers, uye kunewo muganho wepamusoro weparticles fine. Iyi standard ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yekubaya.
Muyero weindasitiri yesimbi (YB/T) unonyanya kutarisisa pahupfu hwebrown fused alumina hunoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinoramba kushanda. Haunyanyi kutaura nezvehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakaita se "huwandu hwakawanda" uye "kurasikirwa kwemoto," izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru mashandiro ezvinhu zvinoramba kushanda panguva yekuvaka. Vagadziri vezvinhu zvinoramba kushanda vanowanzotevedzera mwero uyu.
Muyero weindasitiri yezvinhu zvekuvaka (JC/T) une zvinodiwa zvakakosha zveupfu hwebrown fused alumina hunoshandiswa muma glaze eceramic. Semuenzaniso, kuchena uye huwandu hwekusachena zvinodzorwa zvakanyanya, nekuti kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa ruvara rweglaze. "Fekitori yedu inopa maindasitiri matatu panguva imwe chete: ma abrasives, refractories, uye ceramics," mumwe mutariri wekugadzira akanyunyuta kwandiri, "Tinofanira kuva nemaseti matatu emidziyo yekuyedza muworkshop, tichitevera zviyero zvitatu zvakasiyana. Kunyangwe zvese zviri brown fused alumina micropowder, chinangwa chakasiyana zvechokwadi."
3. Mitemo yeMabhizinesi: "Bhuku reKushanda" Chairo
Chinonyanya kutungamira kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa kazhinji imhando yebhizinesi. Mitemo yenyika neyemaindasitiri ndiyo giredhi rekupasa re60%, nepo mitemo yebhizinesi iri "bhuku rekushandisa" rekuwana 90%. Ndakashanyira mugadziri weupfu hwepamusoro-soro, uye mitemo yebhizinesi ravo yaive yakaoma kupfuura mitemo yenyika. Semuenzaniso, chiyero chenyika cheupfu hweF800 micropowder chinongoda chete "chikamu chezvikamu zvikuru chisave pasi pe45%," nepo chiyero chebhizinesi ravo chichida "chisave pasi pe55%," uye curve yekugovera saizi yezvikamu inofanira kunge yakadzika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvakafanana. Vakawedzerawo chiratidzo che "particle shape coefficient" chisina kuiswa muchiyero chenyika, zvichireva kuti zvikamu zvakapwanyika uye zvakaita setsono hazvipfuure chikamu chakati.
II. Mitemo Yekunze: Mitemo Yakasiyana Yemutambo
Paunenge uchishanda nevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika, uchaona kuti "mitemo yavo yemutambo" yakasiyana zvikuru.
1. International Standard ISO: Hurongwa Hwakakura hwekutsvaga chikonzero chekubvumirana uku tichiremekedza kusiyana kwemaonero
Iyo ISO 8486 series ndiyo chiyero chinozivikanwa pasi rose chehukuru hwezvimedu zvinokwesha. Chinhu chikuru chayo ndechekugadzira sisitimu yakazara ye "F grit", kubva kuF4 (inenge 4.75mm) kusvika kuF1200 (inenge 12 micrometers), ichifukidza huwandu hwese hwezvimedu zvinokwesha.Muyero weISO Inoisa pfungwa huru pakutsanangurwa kwe "kugoverwa kwehukuru hwezvikamu." Haingotaridzi chete zvikamu zvikuru kana hukuru hwezvikamu, asi inosimbisa kuti curve yese yekugovera inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa. Izvi zvinoda michina yekuongorora yepamusoro, kazhinji kacho laser particle size analyzer; nzira dzechinyakare dzekusiira hadzichakwani. "Patakatanga kuita bvunzo zvichienderana neISO standard, takaona kuti zvigadzirwa zvaimboonekwa se'zvinokodzera' zvaive nekugoverwa kwakakura kwehukuru hwezvikamu zvichienderana nechiyero chitsva, zvichiita kuti zvisakwanise," akadaro mumwe director werabhoritari. "Gare gare, takagadzirisa maitiro ekuyera kuti asvike pazvinodiwa zvechokwadi. Kunyangwe maitiro acho airwadza, kukwikwidza kwechigadzirwa mumusika wepasi rose kwakavandudzika."
2. Mitemo yeAmerica ANSI/FEPA: Yakanyatsojeka kusvika pakuva inoda mari yakawanda
Miyero yekuAmerica, kunyanya ANSI B74.12 uye FEPA, ine simba guru munyaya dzema micro-powders. Kana ISO standard iriyo "framework," iyo American standard ndiyo "yakatarisana neruzivo". Tichitora "P grit size" yeFEPA (inoenderana neISO's F grit size) semuenzaniso, ine zvinodiwa zvepercentage chaiyo yekugoverwa kweparticle size yegrit yega yega, yakarurama kunzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzedecimal. Semuenzaniso, yeP240 (inenge 58.5 micrometers), inotaura kuti D3 (pa3% cumulative distribution) haifanirwe kudarika 69.8 micrometers, D50 (median diameter) inofanira kunge iri pakati pe51.7-56.3 micrometers, uye D94 haifanirwe kudarika 42.0 micrometers. Iyi level yekunyatsojeka inoisa kudiwa kwakanyanya pakudzora maitiro ekugadzira.
Chinonyanya "kudiwa" ndechekuti chiyero cheAmerica chine miganhu yakasimba pa "kushivirirana kwezvikamu zvakakora." Semuenzaniso, kune ma micro-powders ane saizi imwechete yeF400, muganho wepamusoro wezvikamu zvakakora zvinobvumidzwa nechiyero cheAmerica wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wechiyero cheChina. "Vatengi vekuEurope neAmerica vane hanya zvikuru neizvi," akadaro maneja wekutengeserana kwekunze. "Vanotya kuti zvikamu zvakakora zvichakwenya pamusoro pechinhu chebasa. Pazvigadzirwa zvatinotumira kuUnited States, maitiro ekuyera anofanira kudzokororwa kaviri kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvakakora "zvakapukunyuka" zvaongororwa."
3. Mitemo yeEurope neyeJapan: Zvinonyanya Kukosheswa
Pamusoro pekushandisa mitemo yeISO, vagadziri vazhinji vakuru vekuGerman vanewo yavomitemo yemukati(sezvinodiwa zvinobva muDIN standards), izvo zvinowanzova zvakaoma kupfuura zvinodiwa zvepasi rose, kunyanya maererano nekuenderana kwemakemikari uye kugadzikana kwebatch. Muyero weJapan (JIS R 6001) unonakidza zvikuru; unoisa pfungwa huru pa "kushanda kwechokwadi." Kunze kwezviratidzo zvepanyama nemakemikari, zvinodawo "kuyedzwa kwesimba rekukuya," uchishandisa nzira yakajairwa yekukuya chaiyo kuti uone kushanda kwekugaya uye kunaka kwenzvimbo yebasa. Izvi zvinoratidza mafungiro emakambani ekuJapan "anotarisa mhedzisiro".
Ⅲ. Kuenzanisa Kwakajairika: Misiyano Yakakosha Yakati wandei
“Chinondinetsa zvikuru hachisi chiyero pachacho,” mumwe mukuru wezvemhando yepamusoro akabvuma, “asi vatengi vanoshandisa chiyero chakasiyana chekuongorora. Mwedzi wapera, paodha imwe chete, mutengi wepamba akaongorora zvichienderana nechiyero chenyika, uye zvakapasa; mutengi wekuKorea akaongorora zvichienderana nechiyero cheKS (chakafanana neJIS), uye zvakapasawo; asi mutengi wekuGermany akaongorora zvichienderana nechiyero cheFEPA, uye zviratidzo zviviri zvaive zvakakosha, zvichikonzera gakava refu.”
Ⅳ. "Uchenjeri Hwakajairika" Mukushanda Kunoshanda
Mukuita, kuomerera zvakasimba kuzvirevo zvakajairwa kazhinji hakushande; unoda "uchenjeri hwakajairwa." Kutanga, unofanira kunzwisisa "mweya" wechiyero. Chiyero chega chega chine pfungwa dzacho. Semuenzaniso, sei mitemo yeAmerica yakanyanya kuomarara pazvikamu zvakakora? Nekuti indasitiri yekugadzira zvinhu nemazvo yeAmerica yakabudirira zvikuru, uye vanotya kukwenya zvikamu nemazvo. Uchiziva izvi, unoziva kuti zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuUnited States zvinofanirwa kushanda nesimba rakawanda mukuita kwekuongorora.
Chechipiri, dzidza "kushandura pakati pemitemo." Matekiniki ane ruzivo vese vane "tafura yekuverenga mupfungwa": inenge nhamba yeF inoenderana neinoshandiswa pamba nehupfu hwakatsetseka, uye musiyano uripo pakati peAmerican P series neISO F series. Kunyangwe isiri chaiyo zvakakwana, inobatsira zvikuru mukutaurirana kwekutanga. "Iye zvino tinodzidzisa dhipatimendi redu rekutengesa, uye chidzidzo chekutanga itafura yekuenzanisa yakajairwa," akadaro mumwe mutariri wekudzidzisa, "kuderedza kurasikirwa kweodha nekuda kwekusanzwisisana kwemitemo."
Chinonyanya kukosha, gadzira "chipimo chako chikuru." Kambani inobudirira, mushure mekunzwisisa zvakakwana chiyero chemuno nepasi rose, ichagadzira seti yemazinga ekudzora mukati akakwirira kupfuura zvese zvinodiwa nevatengi. "Matanho edu ekudzora mukati akaomarara ne10-20% kupfuura kunyange mitemo yakaoma yevatengi," mumwe maneja mukuru wefekitori akadaro. "Nenzira iyi, zvisinei nekuti vatengi vedu vanoshandisa zviyero zvipi, tinogona kuzvibata zviri nyore. Kunyangwe zvichidhura zvishoma, zvinovaka mukurumbira wemhando yepamusoro, izvo zvinobatsira kwenguva refu."