Alumina poda kubudirira mune 3D kudhinda zvinhu
Kufamba murabhoritari yeNorthwestern Polytechnical University, mwenje-kuporesa3D printer iri kurira zvishoma, uye laser beam iri kufamba chaizvo muceramic slurry. Maawa mashoma gare gare, simbi yeceramic ine chimiro chakaoma senge maze inoratidzwa zvizere - ichashandiswa kukanda mashizha eturbine einjini dzendege. Purofesa Su Haijun, anotarisira basa racho, akanongedzera kuchikamu chacho chisina kusimba ndokuti: “Makore matatu apfuura, takanga tisingatombofungi nezvokururama kwakadaro.
Pane imwe nguva, alumina ceramics yakaita se "mudzidzi ane dambudziko" mumunda we3D kudhinda- simba guru, kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro, kuvhara kwakanaka, asi kana yakadhindwa, yakanga ine matambudziko akawanda. Pasi pemaitiro echinyakare, alumina poda ine urombo hunyoro uye kazhinji inovhara musoro wekudhinda; iyo shrinkage rate panguva yekupisa inogona kunge yakakwira kusvika 15% -20%, uye zvikamu zvakadhindwa nekuedza kukuru zvichakanganisa nekutsemuka pazvinopiswa; zvimiro zvakaoma? Zvakatowanda zveumbozha. Mainjiniya anonetsekana: “Ichi chinhu chakafanana nenyanzvi yemifananidzo yakasindimara, ine pfungwa dzakashata asi isina maoko akakwana.”
1. Russian formula: Kuisa "ceramic armor" paaluminiummatrix
Chinjo yakatanga kubva mukushanduka kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Muna 2020, masayendisiti kubva kuNational University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) yeRussia yakazivisa tekinoroji inovhiringidza. Panzvimbo pekungosanganisa aruminiyamu oxide poda, vanoisa yakakwirira-kuchena aruminiyamu poda mu autoclave uye vakashandisa hydrothermal oxidation kuti "ikure" chidimbu chealuminium oxide firimu rine ukobvu hunodzoreka pamusoro peimwe aruminiyamu particle, sekuisa chidimbu chenano-level armar pabhora realuminium. Iyi "core-shell structure" powder inoratidza kushanda kunoshamisa panguva yekudhinda kwelaser 3D (SLM teknolojia): kuoma kwe40% yakakwirira kudarika iyo yakachena yealuminium zvinhu, uye kugadzikana kwekushisa kwepamusoro kunovandudzwa zvikuru, kunosangana zvakananga neaviation-giredhi zvinodiwa.
Muzvinafundo Alexander Gromov, mutungamiri wepurojekiti, akaita fananidzo yakajeka: "Kare, zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvaive sesadhi - imwe neimwe yaitarisira bhizinesi rayo; hupfu hwedu hwakafanana nemasangweji - aruminiyamu nealuminium zvinorumana zvakaturikidzana, uye hapana anogona kuita kunze kweimwe." Kubatana kwakasimba uku kunobvumira zvinhu kuti zviratidze kugona kwayo muzvikamu zveinjini yendege uye ultra-light body frames, uye inototanga kupikisa nharaunda yetitanium alloys.
2. Uchenjeri hweChinese: mashiripiti e "setting" ceramics
Iyo yakanyanya marwadzo poindi yealumina ceramic printing is sintering shrinkage - fungidzira kuti wakanyatsokanya chimiro chevhu, uye chakaderera kusvika saizi yembatatisi ichangopinda muchoto. Yaizodonha yakawanda sei? Mukutanga kwa2024, mhedzisiro yakaburitswa nechikwata chaProfessor Su Haijun kuNorthwestern Polytechnical University muJournal of Materials Science & Technology yakatanga indasitiri: vakawana ingangoita zero-shrinkage alumina ceramic core ine shrinkage rate ye0.3% chete.
Chakavanzika ndechekuwedzeraaluminium podakune alumina uye wobva waridza chaiyo "atmosphere magic".
Wedzera aluminium poda: Sanganisa 15% yearuminiyamu poda yakatsetseka mune ceramic slurry
Dzora mamiriro ekunze: Shandisa argon gasi kudzivirira pakutanga kwekunyura kudzivirira aluminium poda kubva kune oxidizing.
Smart switching: Kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 1400°C, kamwe kamwe chinja mamiriro ekunze kumhepo
In-situ oxidation: Aluminium poda inonyunguduka pakarepo kuita madonhwe uye oxidize kualuminium oxide, uye kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kunobvisa kuderera.
3. Binder revolution: aluminium poda inoshanduka kuita "guruu risingaoneki"
Nepo zvikwata zveRussia neChinese zviri kushanda nesimba pakugadzirisa hupfu, imwe nzira yehunyanzvi yakura chinyararire - kushandisa aluminium poda sebhainda. Traditional ceramic3D kudhindama binders anowanzo organic resin, ayo anosiya maburi kana apiswa panguva yekubvisa. Patent yechikwata chemumba 2023 inotora imwe nzira: kugadzira aluminium poda kuita mvura-based binder47.
Panguva yekudhinda, muromo unonyatso kupfapfaidza "glue" ine 50-70% aluminium poda pane aluminium oxide poda layer. Kana zvasvika padanho rekudzikisa, vacuum inodhonzwa uye okisijeni inopfuudzwa, uye aluminium poda inoiswa oxidized kualuminium oxide pa200-800 ° C. Hunhu hwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu inopfuura 20% inobvumira kushingaira kuzadza pores uye kuderedza shrinkage rate kusvika pasi pe5%. "Zvakangofanana nekuputsa chikafu nekuvaka rusvingo rutsva panguva imwe chete, uchizadza maburi ako!" mumwe injiniya akazvitsanangura nenzira iyi.
4. Inyanzvi yezvimedu: kukunda kweupfu hwakatsetseka
"Kuonekwa" kwealumina powder kwave kusingatarisirwi kukava kiyi yekubudirira - ichi chitarisiko chinoreva chimiro chechidimbu. Chidzidzo chiri mujenari "Open Ceramics" muna 2024 yakaenzanisa mashandiro espherical uye asina kujairika alumina poda mu fused deposition (CF³) kudhinda5:
Spherical poda: inoyerera sejecha rakanaka, mwero wekuzadza unopfuura 60%, uye kudhinda kwakatsetseka uye silky.
Irregular poda: yakanamatira seshuga yakaoma, viscosity yakakwira ka40, uye muromo wakavharwa kusahadzika hupenyu.
Kunyangwe zvirinani, kuwanda kwezvikamu zvakadhindwa ne spherical poda zviri nyore kupfuura 89% mushure mekunyungudika, uye kupera kwepamusoro kunosangana zvakananga nechiyero. "Ndiani achiri kushandisa "ugly" powder ikozvino? Fluidity inobudirira kurwisana! Nyanzvi yakanyemwerera ndokupedzisa5.
Ramangwana: Nyeredzi nemakungwa zvinogarisana nezvidiki uye zvakanaka
Iyo 3D yekudhinda shanduko yealumina poda iri kure nekupfuura. Indasitiri yemauto yakatungamira mukushandisa pedyo-zero shrinkage cores kugadzira turbofan blades; iyo biomedical munda yatora fancy kune yayo biocompatibility uye yakatanga kudhinda customized bone implants; iyo indasitiri yemagetsi yakanangana nekupisa kupisa substrates - mushure mezvose, iyo thermal conductivity uye isiri-yemagetsi conductivity yealumina haigoneke.