Kubudirira kweAlumina powder muzvinhu zvekudhinda zve3D
Kufamba murabhoritari yeNorthwestern Polytechnical University, nzvimbo inoporesa chiedzaPurinda ye3D iri kurira zvishoma, uye danda relaser riri kufamba zvakanaka mumatope eceramic. Maawa mashoma gare gare, dombo receramic rine chimiro chakaoma semaze raratidzwa zvizere - richashandiswa kugadzira mapuranga e turbine einjini dzendege. Purofesa Su Haijun, anotungamira chirongwa ichi, akanongedzera kuchinhu chakapfava ndokuti: "Makore matatu apfuura, hatina kumbofunga nezvekuita kwakarurama kwakadaro. Kubudirira kukuru kwakavanzwa muupfu hwe alumina husingaonekwe."
Kare kare, zviumbwa zve alumina zvaiita se "mudzidzi ane dambudziko" mumunda weKudhinda kwe3D– yakasimba, haipindi tembiricha, haina kuvharika zvakanaka, asi payakadhindwa, yakava nematambudziko akawanda. Pasi pemaitiro echinyakare, upfu hwealumina hauna kuyerera zvakanaka uye hunowanzovhara musoro wekudhinda; mwero wekuderera panguva yekupisa unogona kusvika pa15%-20%, uye zvikamu zvakadhindwa nesimba guru zvinokanganisika uye zvinotsemuka kana zvangotsva; zvivakwa zvakaoma? Zvinotonyanya kunaka. Mainjiniya ari kunetseka: "Chinhu ichi chakafanana nenyanzvi yemifananidzo, ine mazano emusango asi maoko asina kukwana."
1. Fomura yekuRussia: Kuisa "zvombo zvesimbi zveceramic" paaruminiyamumatrix
Chinhu chakachinja kubva pakuchinja kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Muna 2020, masayendisiti ezvezvinhu kubva kuNational University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) yeRussia akazivisa tekinoroji inovhiringidza. Panzvimbo pekungosanganisa upfu hwealuminium oxide, vakaisa upfu hwealuminium hwakachena zvakanyanya mu autoclave uye vakashandisa hydrothermal oxidation "kukura" jira realuminium oxide firimu rine ukobvu hwakanyatsodzorwa pamusoro pechinhu chimwe nechimwe chealuminium, sekunge kuisa jira rezvombo zve nano-level pabhora realuminium. Upfu uhwu hwe "core-shell structure" hunoratidza kushanda kunoshamisa panguva yekudhinda kwelaser 3D (SLM technology): kuoma kwacho kwakakwira ne40% kupfuura kwezvinhu zvealuminium yakachena, uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakanyanya kunovandudzwa, zvichisangana zvakananga nezvinodiwa zvemhando yendege.
Purofesa Alexander Gromov, mutungamiriri wepurojekiti, akaita fananidzo yakajeka: “Kare, zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvaive zvakaita semasaladhi - chimwe nechimwe chaitarisira bhizinesi racho; hupfu hwedu hwakaita semasangweji - aruminiyamu nealumina zvinorumana chidimbu nechidimbu, uye hapana chimwe chazvo chinogona kuita pasina chimwe.” Kubatana kwakasimba uku kunobvumira chinhu ichi kuratidza hunyanzvi hwacho muzvikamu zveinjini yendege nemafuremu emuviri akareruka kwazvo, uye chinototanga kukwikwidza nzvimbo ye titanium alloys.
2. Uchenjeri hweChinese: mashiripiti e "kugadzika" zviumbwa zvesimbi
Chinhu chinonyanya kurwadza pakudhindwa kwesimbi yealumina ceramic shrinkage - fungidzira kuti wakanya chiumbwa chevhu nokungwarira, uye chakabva chadzikira kusvika pahukuru hwembatatisi chichangobva kupinda muchoto. Chaizodonha zvakadii? Pakutanga kwa2024, mhinduro dzakaburitswa nechikwata chaProfessor Su Haijun paNorthwestern Polytechnical University muJournal of Materials Science & Technology dzakakonzera indasitiri iyi: vakawana simbi yesimbi yealumina ceramic core isinganyanyi kuderera nechiyero chekudzikira che0.3% chete.
Chakavanzika ndechekuwedzeraupfu hwearuminiyamukuita alumina uye vobva vatamba "mashiripiti emhepo" chaiwo.
Wedzera upfu hwearuminiyamu: Sanganisa 15% yeupfu hwearuminiyamu hwakatsetseka mu ceramic slurry
Dzora mhepo: Shandisa dziviriro yegesi ye argon pakutanga kwekutsvaira kuti upfu hwearuminiyamu husaoxidize
Kuchinja-chinja kwakangwara: Kana tembiricha yakwira kusvika 1400°C, chinja kamwe kamwe mhepo
Kuoxidation kwemukati mechinhu: Upfu hwearuminiyamu hunonyunguduka pakarepo kuita madonhwe uye hunooxidation kuita aruminiyamu oxide, uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu kunoderedza kusimba kwesimba.
3. Kuchinja kwebhainda: upfu hwearuminiyamu hunoshanduka kuita "guruu risingaonekwe"
Kunyange hazvo zvikwata zvekuRussia neChina zviri kushanda nesimba pakugadzirisa upfu, imwe nzira yehunyanzvi yakura chinyararire - ichishandisa upfu hwearuminiyamu sechinobatanidza.Kudhinda kwe3DZvisungo zvinonyanya kuva maresini eorganic, ayo anosiya maburi kana apiswa panguva yekubvisa mafuta. Patent yechikwata chemuno ya2023 inoshandisa nzira yakasiyana: kugadzira upfu hwearuminiyamu kuita chisungo chemvura47.
Panguva yekudhinda, muromo unopfapfaidza nemazvo "glue" ine 50-70% aruminiyamu upfu pa aluminium oxide powder layer. Kana zvasvika padanho rekubvisa mafuta, vacuum inodhonzwa uye okisijeni inopfuudzwa, uye aluminium upfu hunosanganiswa kuita aluminium oxide pa 200-800°C. Hunhu hwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweanopfuura 20% hunobvumira kuti izadze maburi uye kuderedza mwero wekupwanyika kusvika pasi pe5%. "Zvakafanana nekuputsa scaffolding uye kuvaka rusvingo rutsva panguva imwe chete, uchizadza maburi ako!" mumwe mainjiniya akatsanangura izvi nenzira iyi.
4. Unyanzvi hwezvidimbu: kukunda kweupfu hwakatenderera
"Kuonekwa" kweupfu hwealumina kwave chinhu chikuru chinotungamira pakubudirira - kuoneka uku kunoreva chimiro chezvikamu. Chidzidzo chakaitwa mumagazini inonzi "Open Ceramics" muna 2024 chakaenzanisa mashandiro eupfu hwealumina hwakatenderera uye husina kurongeka mukudhinda kwefused deposition (CF³)5:
Upfu hwakatenderera: hunoyerera sejecha rakatsetseka, mwero wekuzadza unodarika 60%, uye kudhinda kwacho kwakapfava uye kwakasviba
Upfu husina kurongeka: hunonamira seshuga yakaoma, viscosity yakapetwa ka40, uye muromo wacho wakavharwa kuti usave nechokwadi chekuti hupenyu huripo
Zviri nani, huwandu hwezvikamu zvakadhindwa neupfu hwakatenderera hunodarika 89% mushure mekupiswa, uye kupenya kwepamusoro kunoenderana zvakananga nezvinodiwa. "Ndiani achiri kushandisa upfu "hwakashata" izvozvi? Kunyorova ndiko kushanda kwehondo!" Nyanzvi yakanyemwerera ndokupedzisa 5.
Remangwana: Nyeredzi nemakungwa zvinogara pamwe chete nezvidiki uye zvakanaka
Kuchinja kwe3D printing yeupfu hwealumina hakusati kwapera. Indasitiri yemauto yatungamira mukushandisa near-zero shrinkage cores kugadzira turbofan blades; munda wezvekurapa watora mukana wekuti ushande pamwe chete uye watanga kudhinda mapfupa akagadziriswa; indasitiri yezvemagetsi yakanangana nemidziyo inopisa - pamusoro pezvose, thermal conductivity uye non-electrical conductivity yealumina hazvitsiviwi.