Chishamiso mumunda wezvinhu zvinoshanda
Sezvo adiamondkushandiswa, kunosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvetekinoroji uye yakaoma kwazvo. Zvinoda kutsvakurudza kwokushandira pamwe mune zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zviitwe munguva pfupi zvikuru. Mune ramangwana, zvinodikanwa kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza nekuvandudza tekinoroji yeCVD diamond kukura uye kuongorora mashandisirwo eCVD diamondfirimu mune acoustics, optics, uye magetsi. Ichava chinhu chitsva chekusimudzira-tech muzana remakore rechi21. Iko kushandiswa kweCVD kunogona kushandiswa kune ese ari maviri einjiniya zvinhu uye zvinoshanda zvinhu. Inotevera ingori sumo kune yayo inoshanda maapplication.
Chii chinonzi functional material? Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvinoreva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine muviri uye makemikari mabasa akadai sechiedza, magetsi, magineti, ruzha, uye kupisa kunoshandiswa muindasitiri uye tekinoroji, zvinosanganisira zvemagetsi zvinoshanda, magineti anoshanda zvinhu, optical functional materials, superconducting zvinhu, biomedical zvinhu, inoshanda membranes, nezvimwe.
Chii chinonzi membrane inoshanda? Ndeapi maitiro ayo? Functional membrane inoreva chinhu chakatetepa chemufirimu chine zvimiro zvemuviri senge mwenje, magnetism, magetsi kusefa, adsorption, uye makemikari zvimiro zvakaita secatalysis uye kuita.
Hunhu hwezvinhu zvitete zvemufirimu: Zvishandiso zvemufirimu zvitete zvakajairwa nemativi maviri, kureva kuti, akakura pamakero maviri uye madiki pachiyero chechitatu. Zvichienzaniswa neanowanzo shandiswa matatu-dimensional yakawanda zvinhu, ine akawanda maitiro mukuita uye chimiro. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mamwe maficha emafirimu anoshanda anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neakakosha matete firimu nzira dzekugadzirira panguva yekugadzirira. Ichi ndicho chikonzero matete firimu anoshanda zvinhu zvave nyaya inopisa yekutarisisa nekutsvaga.
Sezvo amaviri-dimensional zvinhu, iyo inonyanya kukosha yezvinhu zvakaonda zvemafirimu ndiyo inonzi size size, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuita miniaturize nekubatanidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwezvinhu zvakatetepa zvemufirimu kunobva pane iyi poindi, iyo yakajairika iyo inoshandiswa mumasekete akabatanidzwa uye kuwedzera dhizaini yekuchengetedza yemidziyo yekuchengetedza komputa.
Nekuda kwehukuru hudiki, chikamu chehukama chepamusoro uye chiratidziro mune yakatetepa firimu zvinhu zvakakura, uye zvimiro zvinoratidzwa nepamusoro zvakanyanya kusimba. Kune akatevedzana emuviri maitiro ane chekuita neyepamusoro interface:
(1) Kusarudzika kutapurirana uye kuratidzira kunokonzerwa nechiedza chekukanganisa maitiro;
(2) Kupararira kweinelastic kunokonzerwa nekudhumhana pakati pemaerekitironi nepamusoro kunokonzera shanduko mukufambiswa, Horo coefficient, ikozvino magnetic field effect, nezvimwewo;
(3) Nekuti ukobvu hwefirimu hwakanyanya kudiki pane zvinoreva nzira yakasununguka yemaerekitironi uye iri pedyo neDrobyyi wavelength yemaerekitironi, maerekitironi anofamba achidzoka nekudzoka pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzefirimu achakanganisa, uye simba rine chekuita nekufamba kwakamira kwepasi richatora hunhu hwakajeka, huchakanganisa kutakura maerekitironi;
(4) Pamusoro pepamusoro, maatomu anovhiringwa nguva nenguva, uye chiyero chesimba repamusoro uye huwandu hwenzvimbo dzepasi dzinogadzirwa dzakafanana nehurongwa hwehukuru sehuwandu hwemaatomu epamusoro, izvo zvichave nekukanganisa kukuru pazvinhu zvine mashoma anotakura semiconductors;
(5) Huwandu hwemaatomu ekuvakidzana epamusoro pemagineti maatomu anodzikira, zvichiita kuti nguva yemagineti yeatomu repamusoro iwedzere;
(6) Anisotropy yezvinhu zvitete zvemufirimu, nezvimwe.
Sezvo kushanda kwezvinhu zvakatetepa zvemafirimu zvinokanganiswa negadziriro yekugadzirira, vazhinji vavo vari mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuenzana panguva yekugadzirira. Nokudaro, kuumbwa uye kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakatetepa zvefirimu zvinogona kuchinjwa muhupamhi pasina kudziviswa nehurumende yekuenzanisa. Naizvozvo, vanhu vanogona kugadzirira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonetsa kuwana nezvinhu zvakawanda uye kuwana zvivakwa zvitsva. Ichi chinhu chakakosha chemidziyo yakaonda yemafirimu uye chikonzero chakakosha nei zvinhu zvitete zvemufirimu zvinokwezva vanhu. Kunyangwe makemikari kana nzira dzemuviri dzinoshandiswa, iyo yakagadzirwa yakaonda firimu inogona kuwanikwa.